RULES OF NOUNS

 

RULES OF NOUNS

Rule (Noun Rule)	Example
1. A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.	Ravi, Delhi, pen, freedom
2. Proper nouns always begin with a capital letter.	London, Ganga, Ram
3, Common nouns name general items.	City, river, man
4. Collective nouns name groups of people or things,	Team, flock, jury
5. Abstract nouns nameideas or qualities.	Honesty, beauty; love
6. Concrete nouns refer to things you can touch,	Table, apple, car
7. Countable nouns can be counted.	Book/books, apple/apples
8. Uncountable nouns cannot be counted.	Water, rice, advice
9. Proper nouns don't take articles usually.	Wrong: The Ram Right: Ram
10. Abstract nouns usually have no plural.	Honesty is the best policy.
11. Collective nouns take singular verbs when the group acts as one.	The team is winning.
12. Collective nouns take plural verbs when individuals act separately.	The team are arguing among themselves.
13. Singular nouns refer to one person or thing.	Boy, dog, tree
14. Plural nouns referto more than one.	Boys, dogs, trees
15. Most plurals are formed adding -s.	Car cars
16. Nouns ending in -ch, -s, or -o add -es for plural.	Box boxes, Bus + buses
17. Nouns ending in a consonant + y change y ies in plural.	Baby babies
18. Nouns ending in a vowel + y add -s.	Toy toys
19. Some nouns ending in -f or -fe change to -ves.	Leaf -3 leaves, knife -y knives
20. Some nouns have irregular plurals.	Man * men, child children
21. Some nouns have the same form in singular and plural.	Sheep, deer, series
22. Some foreign nouns form plurals differently.	Cactus + cacti, criterion + criteria
23. Compound nouns form plurals in the main word.	Mothers-in-law, passers-by
24. Some nouns exist only in plural form.	Scissors, trousers, spectacles
25. Some nouns exist only in singular form.	Furniture, information
26. Use singular verbs with uncountable nouns.	Water is cold.
27. "News" is singular in form and meaning.	The news is shocking.
28, Some uncountable nouns can become countable by changing meaning.	Chicken (meat) vs a chicken (bird)
29. Material nouns are uncountable.	Gold, silver, iron
30. Don't use "many" with uncountable nouns.	Wrong: Many water
	Right: Much water
31. Don't use "much" with countable nouns.	Wrong: Much books Right: Many books
32. Use "a piece of" with uncountable nouns.	A piece of advice
33. Use "some" with plural or uncountable nouns.	Some apples, some sugar
34. Use "any" in negative or question sentences.	Don't have any money?
35. Possessive nouns show ownership.	Ravi's car, the girl's bag
36. Add 's to singular nouns for possession.	John's book
37. Add only ' to plural nouns ending in s.	Students' hostel
38. Add 's to plural nouns not ending in s.	Children's toys
39. Possession can be shown by "of" for th ings.	The roof of the house
40. Use possessive case for people, not things.	Wrong: The table's leg
	Right: The leg of the table
41. Apostrophe is not used with possessive pronouns.	Yours, ours, theirs (no apostrophe)
42. Don't confuse plural and possessive forms.	Boys (plural), Boy's
	(singular possessive)
43. Some nouns are plural in form but singular in meaning.	Mathematics is interesting.
44. Some nouns are singular in form but plural in meaning	People are waiting.
45. Collective nouns may take singular or plural verbs based on sense.	The jury is/are divided.
46. Use "a" or "an" before singular countable nouns.	A cat, an apple
47. No article is used before plural or uncountable nouns when speaking generally.	Dogs are friendly.
48. Use gthe" for specific nouns.	The book on the table.
49. Capitalize the first letter of all proper nouns.	India, Himalayas
50. Abstract nouns are formed from adjectives.	Kind kindness
51. Abstract nouns are formed from verbs.	Decide * decision
52. Some nouns have both abstract and concrete meanings.	Light (illumination / opposite of heavy)
53. Gender nouns show male or female.	Actor - Actress, Lion - Liones
54. Masculine gender refers to male beings.	King, father
55. Feminine gender refers to female beings.	Queen, mother
56. Common gender can refer to both.	Friend, teacher
57. Neuter gender refers to lifeless things.	Table, book
58. Some nouns change form for gender.	Hero heroine
59. Some nouns add a word to change gender.	Manservant maidservant
60. Compound nouns form gender by changing main part.	Policeman policewoman
61, Some nouns are genderneutral.	Doctor, artist
62. Some animals use special gender nouns.	Buck doe, drake duck
63. Some nouns are common for both sexes.	Parent, child
64. The possessive form can be used for time or distance	A day's journey, a mile's walk
65. Some nouns form Plural by changing inside vowel	Man * men, tooth * teeth
66. Some foreign plurals are stilt used in English.	Phenomenon phenomena
67. Some nouns have two meanings with different plurals.	Fish fish/fishes
68. The plural of "person" is "people."	Two people were there.
69. "Persons" is used formally.	Several persons were i nvited.
70. Some plural nouns have different meanings.	Brains = intelligence, goods = products
71. Some nouns are always singular in meaning though plural in form.	Economics is tough.
72. Don't confuse "advice" (uncountable) and "advices" (incorrect).	He gave good advice.
73. "Information" has no plural.	Wrong:Anformations * Right: Information
74. "Furniture" has no plura .	Wrong: Furnitures Right: Furniture
75. "Equipment" has no plura .	Wrong: Equipments Right: Equipment
76. "Hair" is uncountable when referring to all hair.	She has long hair.
77. "Hair" can be countable when referring to strands.	Two hairs fell out.
78. "Luggage'* and "baggage" are uncountable.	My luggage is heavy.
79. "Scenery" is uncountable.	The scenery is beautiful.
80. "Poetry" is uncountable.	I love poetry, not poetries,
81. "Work" is uncountable when referring to tasks.	Work is tiring.
82. "Work" can be countable when meaning creations.	Shakespeare's works are famous.
83. Use plural for names ending in -s when referring to a family.	The Guptas are here.
84. Proper nouns can be used as common nouns.	He is the Newton of our class.
85. Common nouns can be used as proper nouns by personificatio	Death lays his icy hand.
86. Nouns can act as adjectives A before other nouns.	School bag, rice bowl
87. A noun phrase can include modifiers.	The red car in the garage
88. Two nouns can form a compound noun.	Toothpaste, sunflower
89. Some compound nouns are written with hyphens.	Brother-in-law, motherin-law
90, Use apostrophe + s with compound nouns for possession.	My brother-in-law's car
91. Some nouns have plural meaning but singular form.	Cattle are grazing.
92. "Police" always takes plural verb.	The police are investigating.
93. "People" takes plural verb.	People are friendly.
94. "Public" can take singular or plural verb.	The public is/are divided.
95, Nouns of measurement or amount take singular Verb.	Ten rupees is enough.
96. Titles of books, movie* or organizations take singular verb	The United Nations is meeting today.
97. Names ending in -s but singular in meaning take singular verb.	Mathematics is hard.
98. Nouns joined by "and" take plural verb.	Ram and Shyam are friends.
99. Nouns joined by "and" but one person/thing take singular verb.	Bread and butter is my breakfast.
100. "'Each," "every;" "either," "neither" take singular nouns.	Each student has a book.
101. Use plural nouns after "both."	Both boys are ready,
102. "A number of" takes plural verb.	A number of people are missing.
103. "The number of" takes singular verb.	The number of students is increasing.
104. Nouns ending in "-ics" (physics, economics) take singular verb.	Physics is my favorite subject.
105. Some plural nouns denote one subject or study	Linguistics is difficult.
106. Don't use article before languages.	He speaks Hindi, not the Hindi.
107, Don't use article before meals unless specified.	We had dinner, not the dinner.
108. Use "the" before musical instruments.	She plays the piano.
109. Use plural for instruments of pairs.	Scissors, glasses
110, Proper nouns can form plurals when referring to families.	The Tiwari(s) are here.
111. Some nouns have different meanings in singular and plural,	Iron (metal), irons (tools)
112. "Means" has same form in singular and plural-	A means / many means
113. "Species" is same in both numbers.	One species, many species
114. "Series" is same in singular and plural.	This series / these series
115. Collective nouns treated as singular if unity is stressed.	The committee has decided.
116. Treated as plural if individuality is stressed.	The committee are arguing.
117. Don't confuse possessive 'fits" with contraction it s.	It's = it is, its = belonging to it
118. Use noun clauses as subjects or objects.	What you said is true.
119. Nouns can function as subjects, objects, or complements,	Music soothes me.
120. Proper nouns are unique identifiers; don't pluralize unless naming groups.	The Himalayas, the Sharmas
121. Every noun in a sentence; has a role ensure correct number, case, and agreement.	The boy's books are on the table.

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