Tentang Gerund dan to infinitive Indonesia Inggris

Hallo, dalam kesempatan kali ini, kita akan membahas tentang gerund dan to infinitive dalam Bahasa Inggris. (Hello, on this occasion, we will discuss about gerund and to infinitive in English.)

Pengertian (Definition)

Gerund adalah suatu bentukan kata dalam Bahasa Inggris, yang terbentuk dari kata kerja (verb) di tambah -ing. Sehingga akan membuat kata verb + ing. Sedangkan infinitive adalah bentukan kata dengan menambahkan awalan to di depan kata kerja. Sehingga akan membuat kata to + verb. (Gerund is a word formation in English, which is formed from a verb (verb) plus ing. So that will make the word verb + ing. While the infinitive is a word formation by adding the prefix to in front of the verb. So that will make the word to + verb.)

Contoh gerund (Example of gerund):

Eat + ing menjadi eating (Eat + ing becomes eating )
Listen + ing menjadi listening (Listen + ing becomes listening)
Draw + ing menjadi drawing (Draw + ing becomes drawing)

Contoh to infinitive (Example of infinitive ):

to + eat menjadi to eat (to + eat becomes to eat)
to + listen menjadi to listen (to + listen becomes to listen)
to + draw menjadi to draw (to + draw becomes to draw)

Posisi gerund dan to infinitive dalam kalimat. (The position of the gerund and to infinitive in a sentence.)

1. Gerund dan to infinitive, keduanya dapat berfungsi sebagai subyek. (Gerund and to infinitive, both can function as subject.)

Contoh (example):

Singing is my hobby (Menyanyi adalah hobiku)
To see her boyfriend make her smile (Melihat pacarnya membuatnya tersenyum)

2. Gerund dan to infinitive, keduanya bisa berfungsi sebagai objek. (Gerund and to infinitive, both can function as objects.)

Contoh (example):

My mother starts knitting since she’s at high school. (Ibu saya mulai merajut sejak dia di sekolah menengah.)
The children learned to read a book. (Anak-anak belajar membaca buku.)

3. Gerund bisa menjadi object dari sebuah preposisi, sedangkan to infinitive tidak bisa. (The gerund can be the object of a preposition, while the to infinitive cannot.)

Contoh (example):

Sam is thinking about moving into a new house. (Sam sedang berpikir untuk pindah ke rumah baru.)

4. To infinitive sebagai Verb setelah Object (To infinitive as Verb after Object)

Contoh (example):

Doni asked me to go with him. (Doni memintaku untuk ikut dengannya.)

5. To infinitive setelah Adjective/kata sifat (To infinitive as Verb after adjective)

Contoh (example):

Dedi is too young to run the business. (Dedi terlalu muda untuk menjalankan bisnis.)

6. Gerund dan to infinitive mengikuti Verb tertentu (scroll ke bawah untuk melihat verb yang biasa mengikuti gerund dan to infinitive). (The gerund and to infinitive follow certain verbs (scroll down to see verbs that usually follow the gerund and to infinitive))

7. Posisi Gerund setelah preposisi/kata depan, yaitu: in, on, at, of, for, from, by, without, after, before. (Gerund positions after prepositions / prepositions, namely: in, on, at, of, for, from, by, without, after, before.)

Contoh (example):

He is good at speaking English.

8. Posisi Gerund setelah Prepositional Object (Gerund Position after Prepositional Object)

Preposisi to berikut ini diikuti Gerund: (The following preposition to is followed by the gerund:)

to be used to : terbiasa
to be accustomed to : terbiasa
object to : keberatan
look forward to : menanti ingin sekali
to take to : senang
confess to : mengakui

Contoh (example):

I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. (Saya berharap untuk mendengar dari Anda segera.)

9. Setelah possesive pronoun diikuti oleh gerund. (After a possessive pronoun, it is followed by a gerund.)

Contoh (example):

I don’t mind her staying here for a day. (Saya tidak keberatan dia tinggal di sini selama sehari.)

Penggunaan gerund dan to infinitive. (Use of gerund and to infinitive)

1. Gerund dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi yang nyata atau telah selesai dilakukan. (Gerunds can be used to express actions that are real or have been completed).

Contoh (example):

I considered joining the English course (Saya mempertimbangkan untuk bergabung dengan kursus bahasa Inggris)

2. Invinitive digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi yang abstrak atau yang akan dilakukan. (The invinitive is used to express an abstract action or to be performed.)

Contoh (example):

I’d like you to pick me up tomorrow.

3. To infinitive di gunakan untuk menerangkan tujuan. (To infinitive is used to explain the purpose.)

Contoh (example):

He comes to school (alasan) to teach English (tujuan). (Dia datang ke sekolah (alasan) untuk mengajar bahasa Inggris (tujuan).)

4. To infinitive digunakan untuk menerangkan Noun/kata benda. (To infinitive is used to explain noun)

Contoh (example):

I need some meal to eat. I am starving. (Aku butuh makanan untuk dimakan. Saya kelaparan.)

5. To infinitive digunakan untuk menerangkan Adjective/kata sifat. (To infinitive is used to explain adjectives)

Contoh (example):

Novel is interesting to read. (Novelnya menarik untuk dibaca.)

6. Gerund digunakan untuk membentuk noun phrase (Gerund is used to form a noun phrase.)

Contoh (example):

swimming pool (kolam untuk berenang),
Walking stick (tongkat untuk berjalan).

Kata Yang biasa diikuti oleh gerund dan to infinitive. (Words that are usually followed by a gerund and a to infinitive)

1. Kata yang biasa di ikuti oleh gerund (Words followed by gerund):

advise + gerund,
begin + gerund,
continue + gerund,
dislike + gerund,
hate + gerund,
intend + gerund,
like + gerund,
love + gerund,
prefer + gerund,
propose + gerund,
start + gerund.
avoid + gerund,
admit + gerund,
appreciate + gerund,
anticipate + gerund,
continue + gerund,
deny + gerund,
detest + gerund,
delay + gerund,
enjoy + gerund,
excuse + gerund,
finish + gerund,
forgive + gerund,
fancy + gerund,
forgive + gerund,
keep + gerund,
mind, + gerund
postpone + gerund,
prevent + gerund,
risk + gerund,
resist + gerund

Contoh:

He enjoys playing football.
I avoid quarelling with him.

2. Kata yang biasa diikuti oleh to infinitive (Words followed by to infinitive):

ask + to infinitive,
allow + to infinitive,
advice + to infinitive,
beg + to infinitive,
decide + to infinitive,
expect + to infinitive,
hope + to infinitive,
intend + to infinitive,
invite + to infinitive,
instruct + to infinitive,
learn + to infinitive,
mean + to infinitive,
need + to infinitive,
propose + to infinitive,
promise + to infinitive,
permit + to infinitive,
want + to infinitive,
warn + to infinitive,
would like + to infinitive,
tell + to infinitive,
teach + to infinitive,
urge + to infinitive

Contoh:

I want to go. (Saya ingin pergi.)
I want you to go. (Saya ingin kamu pergi.)
She expects me to study. (Dia mengharapkan saya untuk belajar.)

Perubahan makna gerund dan to infinitive (Changes in the meaning of the gerund and to infinitive)

Beberapa kata mengalami perubahan makna yang signifikan apabila menggunakan gerund atau to infinitive. Beberapa kata tersebut adalah:

(Some words experience significant changes in meaning when using the gerund or to infinitive. Some of these words are:)

forget + gerund / to infinitive
stop gerund / to infinitive
remember gerund / to infinitive
regret gerund / to infinitive

Jika menggunakan gerund, maka pekerjaan sudah dilakukan. (If using a gerund, the job is done.)

S + forget/remember/stop/regret + Ving (pekerjaannya sudah dilakukan)

Jika menggunakan to infinitive, maka pekerjaan belum dikerjakan. (If you use the to infinitive, then the work has not been done.)

S + forget/remember/stop/regret + to V1 (pekerjaannya belum dilakukan)

Contoh (Example):

I forget bringing my laptop (lupa telah membawa laptop) (pekerjaan sudah dilakukan)
I forget to bring my laptop (lupa membawa laptop) (pekerjaan belum dikerjakan)

Perbedaan “Gerund” dan “Participle”

a. Modifiers of Noun:

– a swimming pool (Gerund/Kolam untuk berenang)

– a swimming child (Participle/Anak yang sedang berenang)

– a walking stick (Gerund/Tongkat untuk berjalan)

– a walking girl (Participle/Gadis yang sedang berjalan)

Keterangan:

Kalau tidak dapat diterjemahkan dengan kata “untuk”, berarti bukan “Gerund” tetapi “Participle”. (If it cannot be translated with the word "for", it means not "gerund" but "participle")

b. Sentence Pattern:

– Walking in the jungle makes the young man happy. (Gerund)

– Walking in the jungle, the young man felt happy. (Participle)

– Studying with teachers can solve the problem. (Gerund)

– Studying with teachers, she can solve the problem. (Participle)

Keterangan (Explanation):

Kalau setelah bentuk “ing”, tidak ada “koma”, berarti kalimat tersebut belum mempunyai “Subject”, sehingga bentuk “ing” tersebut berfungsi sebagai “subject” dan berbentuk Gerund, kalau ada “koma”, berarti kalimat tersebut sudah mempunyai “Subject” dan berbentuk “Participle”. ((If after the "ing" form, there is no "comma", it means that the sentence does not yet have a "Subject", so the "ing" form functions as a "subject" and is in the form of a gerund, if there is a "comma", it means that the sentence already has a "Subject". ” and in the form of “Participle”.)

Gerund berfungsi sebagai kata benda, sedangkan participle berfungsi sebagai kata kerja atau kata sifat. (The gerund functions as a noun, while the participle functions as a verb or adjective.)

Seperti penjelasan di atas posisi gerund bisa berfungsi sebagai subyek atau obyek, sedangkan participle posisinya sebagai kata kerja atau kata sifat yang berfungsi untuk menerangkan kata benda. (As explained above, the position of the gerund can function as a subject or object, while the participle position as a verb or adjective that functions to explain a noun.)

Demikian pembahasan tentang gerund dan to infinitive.

Semoga dapat bermanfaat..