Penjelasan Lengkap Direct dan Indirect Speech

Halo, Dalam kesempatan ini kita akan mendiskusikan mengenai kalimat langsung dan tidak langsung dalam Bahasa Inggris. (Hello, on this occasion, we will discuss about direct and indirect in English.)

Direct dan Indirect Dalam Bahasa Inggris (Direct and Indirect in English)

"Direct and indirect speech" dalam Bahasa Indonesia maksudnya adalah Kalimat Langsung dan tidak Langsung. Suatu kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung dari pembicara disebut kalimat langsung atau dalam bahasa Inggris "Direct Speech". ("Direct and indirect speech" in Indonesian means direct and indirect speech. A sentence that is spoken directly of the speaker is called a direct sentence or in English "Direct Speech")

Mungkin saja direct and indirect speech ini menjadi sesuatu hal yang sulit bagi pembelajar Bahasa Inggris, Dalam pembahasan kita kali ini, akan kita bahas mengenai apa dan bagaimana "Direct Speech and Indirect Speech", cara penggunaannya dan cara merubah kalimat berbentuk "direct speech" menjadi "indirect Speech". (It is possible that direct and indirect speech is something that is difficult for English language learners. In our discussion this time, we will discuss what and how "Direct Speech and Indirect Speech" is, how to use it and how to change sentences in the form of "direct speech" into "indirect speech")

Sebagai contoh: (As an example:)

Amir said, "I am ill" (Direct speech)
Amir said that he was ill (Indirect speech)

Jika kita ingin menjawab pertanyaan "What did Mr. Doni say?", maka ada dua kemungkinan jawaban yang dapat kita berikan: (If we want to answer the question "What did Mr. Doni say?", then there are two possible answers that we can give:)

1. Dengan mengulang apa yang Mr. Doni katakan (direct speech),

(By repeating what Mr. Doni said (direct speech))

Contoh (Example):

Mr. Doni said:"I am happy now"

2. Dengan menggunakan cara melaporkan (indirect or reported speech).

(By using the way to report (indirect or reported speech))

Contoh (Example):

Mr. doni said that He was happy.

DIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech mengulangi atau mengutip kata-kata yang persis sama seperti yang diucapkan. Dalam hal penulisan, direct speech di tempatkan diantara tanda kutip ("") (Direct speech repeats or quotes the exact same words as spoken. In the case of writing, direct speech is placed between quotation marks (""))

EXAMPLES

"No, said Kimberly, "He's right"
Lala said, "There's a do outside the window."
My sister said, "I told you so"

INDIRECT SPEECH

Reported speech atau indirect speech biasanya digunakan untuk membicarakan mengenai kejadian di masa lalu, sehingga kita harus merubah tense terhadap apa yang diucapkan. Kata kerja yang biasa digunakan adalah seperti: "say", "tell", "ask, dan terkadang kita menggunakan "that" sebagai awal dari reported speech atau indirect speech ini. Dalam reported speech atau indirect speech tidak digunakan koma, atau kutip, karena bukan perkataan langsung dari penutur, hanya reporting saja terhadap apa yang dikatakan penutur.

(Reported speech or indirect speech is usually used to talk about events in the past, so we have to change the tense of what is said. Verbs that are commonly used are: "say", "tell", "ask, and sometimes we use "that" as the beginning of this reported speech or indirect speech. In reported speech or indirect speech we do not use commas, or quotes, because not direct words from the speaker, only reporting on what the speaker said.)

She said, "I saw him." (direct speech) = She said that she had seen him. (indirect speech)

'That' may be omitted:

She told him that she was happy. = She told him she was happy.

Penggunaan 'SAY' dan 'TELL'

Gunakan "say" ketika tidak ada objek langsung (Use 'say' when there is no indirect object):

Example:

- He said that he was tired.

Always use 'tell' when you say who was being spoken to (i.e. with an indirect object):

Example:

- He told me that he was tired.

Penggunaan 'TALK' dan 'SPEAK'

Gunakan kata kerja ini untuk menggambarkan pekerjaan dalam berkomunikasi (Use these verbs to describe the action of communicating):

Example:

- He talked to us.

- She was speaking on the telephone.

Gunakan kata kerja ini dengan kata "about" untuk merujuk tentang apa yang di katakan (Use these verbs with 'about' to refer to what was said):

Example:

-He talked (to us) about his parents.

1. Indirect Speech Statement (pernyataan)

Perhatikan ketentuan-ketentuan berikut: (Pay attention to the following conditions:)

1. Direct speech yang di ubah menjadi indirect speech tidak akan mengalami perubahan tense jika induk kalimatnya memakai bentuk: Present Tense, Present Perfect, dan Future Tense. (Direct speech that is changed to indirect speech will not change the tense if the main sentence uses the following forms: Present Tense, Present Perfect, and Future Tense.)
Contoh:

Present Tense:

Direct Speech: Ali says, "I am a student".

Indirect speech: Ali says that he is a student

Perfect Tense

Direct Speech: Udin has said to me, " Amir writes a letter"

Indirect speech: Udin has told me that Amir writes a letter

Future Tense

Direct Speech: Andi will say, "Nobody is late"

Indirect speech: Andi will say that nobody is late.

2. Jika direct speech dalam bentuk past, maka indirect speech mengalami perubahan tense. (If direct speech is in the past form, then indirect speech changes in tense.)

Direct speech	Indirect speech
Present Tense	Past Tense
Present Continous Tense	Past Continous Tense
Present Future Tense	Past Future Tense
Present Perfect Tense	Past Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continous Tense	Past Perfect Continous Tense
Past Tense	Past Perfect Tense
Past Continous Tense	Past Perfect Continous Tense
Past Future Tense	Past Future Perfect (Conditional Past Perfect)
Future Continous Tense	Conditional Continous

Begitupun dengan penggunaan keterangan waktu dan tempat akan berubah sebagai berikut: (Likewise, the use of time and place adverbs will change as follows:)

Asal	Menjadi
now	than
yesterday	the day before
last night	the night before
last week	the week before
last Sunday	the Sunday before
two days ago	two days before
five years ago	five years before
today	that day
tomorrow	the following day, the next day
next month	the following month
next week/next year	the following week/year
the day after tomorrow	in two days time
here	there
this	that
these	these
can	could
will	would
shall	should
may	might

2. Indirect Speech Imperative/Request(Perintah/Permohonan)

menggunakan kata kerja bentu I (to infinitive)
Menambahkan "please" agar lebih sopan
menggunakan "not + to infinitive" untuk larangan
Menggunakan kata seperti: "told", "order", atau "commanded". Sedangkan yang bersifat permintaan menggunakan "asked'
Kata ganti berubah

Dari	Menjadi
I	He/She
We	They
You	Me. He. She. Or They
My	his/her
our	my/his/her/their

Contoh:

Direct Speech: He asked me, "Open the door, Please!"
Indirect Speech: He asked me to open the door"

3. Indirect Speech Question (Pertanyaan)

A. Pertanyaan di awali dengan kata tanya: who, what, when, where, etc

Kata tanya tetap dipakai dalam Indirect speech
susunan pertanyaan indirect speech mengikuti aturan susunan pernyataan (S-V-)
perubahan tense mengikuti ketentuan seperti biasa (Diatas telah dijelaskan)

Contoh:

Direct Speech: Ratna said to Anis, "What are you doing?"
Indirect Speech: Ratna asked Anis what she was doing.

B. Paertanyaan tanpa menggunakan kata tanya

menggunakan "if" atau "whether" dalam indirect speech
susunan pertanyaan indirect speech mengikuti aturan susunan pernyataan (S-V-)

Contoh:

Direct Speech: Yusuf asked me, "Can you help me?"
Indirect Speech: Yusuf asked me if (whether) I could you help him?"

Beberapa hal penting yang perlu diperhatikan.

must dalam bentuk present menjadi had to

Contoh:

Direct speech: He told me, "You must stay here until 11 Pm"

Indirect speech: He told me that I had to stay there until 11 Pm

must dalam future tense menjadi would have to

Direct speech: She told me, "You must come again tomorrow"

Indirect speech: Ehe told me that I would have to come again the following day

must dalam kalimat larangan / hukuman menjadi musn't/wasn't to

Direct speech: He told me, "You musn't drive a car without a licence.

Indirect speech: He told me that I musn't drive a car without a licence

kebenaran umum tidak mengalami perubahan tense

Direct speech: He told me, "The sun rises in the east"

Indirect speech: He told me that the sun rises in the east.

Offers (menawarkan)

Direct speech: "Should I bring you some tea?"

Indirect speech: He offered me to bring you some tea

Let's (Biasanya ajakan menjadi saran)

Direct speech: He said, "Let's leave the station."

Indirect speech: He suggested leaving the station.

Exclamation (seruan, keheranan, kagum dan sebagainya) harus menjadi pernyataan dalam indirect speech

Direct speech: He said, "What a beautiful day!"

Indirect speech: He said that it was a beautiful day.

Yes / No questions

Direct speech: He said, "Can you swim?" I said, "No"

Indirect speech: He asked (me) If I could swim and I said that I couldn't.

Demikian, semoga dapat bermanfaat..